阅读passage43原文

    1）On the eve of global warming negotiations, scientists from several Western nations are clamoring for a crash program to develop clean energy that would rival the Manhattan Project and the Apollo mission to the moon.

    2）Writing in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature, scientists from North America and Europe predicted that global warming will soon become the environmental equivalent of the Cold War as the world’s increasing reliance on fossil fuels releases more carbon dioxide and other heat trapping pollutants into the atmosphere. The 11 scientists urged negotiators at environmental talks scheduled to begin Nov.2 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to push for a mobilization of scientific resources to develop alternative forms of energy, such as solar, wind and nuclear power. “Developing and commercializing carbon-free power technologies by the mid 21st century could require efforts, perhaps international, pursued with the urgency of the Manhattan Project or the Apollo space program,” said Martin Hoffert, a physicist at New York University. Only 20% or less of today energy use comes from carbon-free sources. The Nature paper is unusual because it contains broad policy recommendations. Normally, the journal publishes straightforward scientific studies.

    Last year, governments meeting in Kyoto, Japan, agreed to emission reductions by the United States, Japan, the 15 nation European Union and 21 other industrial nations. The nations are to cut their output of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to 5% below their 1990 levels by 2012. This year, negotiators for 166 nations are meeting to determine how each country will achieve the reduction.

    To some, rising annual average temperatures in the 1990s amount to early proof that global warming has arrived and that the current treaty won’t protect nations from climatic upheaval during the 21st century. Some scientists said global warming is inevitable and no amount of effort-not even a crash program-will prevent it “We will experience a substantial amount of further climate change even if we make huge cuts in emissions,” said Martin Parry of University College in London. Others said there are many ways of reducing global warming without mobilizing scientists worldwide. Energy conservation and efficiency, such as greater use of cleaner burning natural gas and nuclear power, might be a cheaper solution, they say. Smokestack and tailpipe controls, as well as planting trees, can reduce pollution, too. Countries can also provide utilities with financial incentives to invest in experimental technologies.

[FS:PAGE]    3）Even optimists at the meeting agreed that demand for crude oil will outstrip production by 2020 and that worldwide reserves will be exhausted by 2100. Oil shortages and higher prices will make the world a more dangerous place, they warned.

    翻阅passage43译文

    在举行全球变暖问题协商的前戏，来自几个西方国家的科学家呼吁制定一项开发情节能源的经济计划——该计划可以与曼哈顿计划和阿波罗登月任务计划相提并论。

    在发表于《自然》杂志星期四刊的文章中，来自北美和欧洲的科学家预计，由于全世界日益依赖矿物燃料，向大气中释放的二氧化碳和其他吸热污染物增多，所以全球变暖不就将成为环境方面类似冷战的问题。这11位科学家强烈要求参加环境问题会议的协商者敦促人民利用科学资源开发科替代的能源，比如太阳能、风能和核能，该会议计划于11月2日仔阿根廷的不宜诺斯艾里斯召开。“到21世纪中期时，开放并商业化利用不寒潭的能源技术可能需要人们付出努力，可能需要国际见的共同努力，应该像实施曼哈顿计划和阿波罗空间计划一样付出努力。”马丁贺佛特说，他是纽约大约的译为物理学家。目前使用的能源重，只有20%或更少的能源曲子不寒潭的能源。《自然》杂志上的文章与众不同，因为它提出了广泛的政策建议。通常情况下，该杂志等在的是有关易懂的科学研究的文章。

    去年，在日本京都召开的政府首脑会议上，美国、日本、15个欧盟成员国以及21个工业国家统一减少排放量。这些国家统一，到2012年时，将二氧化碳和其他问世气体的排放量减少5%，降至低于1990年的标准。今年，来自166个国家的代表正在协商，确定各国将如何实现削减的目标。

    某种程度上，20世纪90年代日益增高的年平均温度其实是已经证明了全球变暖已经开始，目前的跳跃不能保护各国免受21世纪气候巨变带来的影响。有些科学家说，全球变暖不开避免，无论付出多大的努力都组织不了，即使是紧急计划也不行，“即使我们大幅度减少排放量，我们也会经历进一步的气候巨变，”来自伦敦一所大学的马丁-帕里说。其他科学家说，就算不动员全世界的科学家，也有许多减缓全球变暖趋势的方法。他们说，保护能源和提高能源的效率可能是更合算的解决方法，比如多燃烧更清洁的天然气合核能。对烟筒和围棋的控制也可以减少污染，指数造林也可以减少污染。各国也可以向共用事业部门提供财政奖励，鼓励他们投资开发实验性技术。

    甚至参加会议的乐观人士也一致认为，到2020年时，原油的需求量将超过产量，到2100年时，全世界的石油储量将枯竭;他们警告说，石油短缺和更高的油价将使得地球成为一个更危险的地方。

    翻阅passage43长难句分析

    1)There are many important differences between building an industrial based economy and one that relies largely on tourism. One of the historical barriers to industrialization has been a shortage of capital to build an industrial infrastructure or a lack of industrial-specific facilities

    【解析】主句是There are many important differences between ，One of the historical barriers to industrialization has been a shortage of 。between...and...短语修饰differences，其中的that引导的定语从句修饰“one”指的是economy;to build...短语修饰“capital”;or引导的是并列成分，其中such as是在距离说明facilities。industrial based 译为以产业为基础的;barrier应译为障碍，industrialization译为产业化;a shortage of译为缺少...;infrastructure译为基础设施;a lack of 译为缺少...;industrial-specific应该译为产业特有的。

[FS:PAGE]    【参考译文】发展以产业为基础的经济和发展主要依赖旅游产业的经济这两者之间有许多重大区别，产业化的一个历史障碍就是缺少兴建产业基础设施的资金，或者缺少产业特有的设备，比如深水港口。

    2)We can be touched by images we see in the media but it is only when we shake hands with people from other nations and other cultures that we learn how things really are.

    【解析】主句是we can be touched by images ...but it is only when...that”。 we see 是一个省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰images;it is only when...that 是一个强调句式，强调的是when;howthings really are是一个省略了引导词的宾语从句。touch译为打动。

    【译文】我们可能被媒体上报到的景象所打动，但是，只有当我们与来自其他国家、其他文化的人们握手时，我们才会了解事情的本质。